{"id":4160,"date":"2025-10-15T20:04:13","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T12:04:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/?p=4160"},"modified":"2025-10-15T20:04:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T12:04:26","slug":"202510%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87-hard-prompts-made-easy-gradient-based-discrete-optimization-for-prompt-tuning-and-discovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/202510%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87-hard-prompts-made-easy-gradient-based-discrete-optimization-for-prompt-tuning-and-discovery\/","title":{"rendered":"202510\u8bba\u6587\u7814\u8bfb-Hard Prompts Made Easy: Gradient-Based Discrete Optimization for Prompt Tuning and Discovery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aYuxin Wen Neel Jain John Kirchenbauer\u7b49<br>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1aUniversity of Maryland, New York University<br>\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNeurIPS<br>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u786c\u63d0\u793a\uff08Hard Prompts\uff09\uff1a\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u624b\u5de5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3001\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bcd\u5143\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5982\u201ca photo of a cat\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u53ef\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u8bd5\u9519\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u3002<br>\u8f6f\u63d0\u793a\uff08Soft Prompts\uff09\uff1a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\uff08embedding\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u68af\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8eAPI\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<br>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8f6f\u63d0\u793a\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u4e0a\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60 + \u53ef\u89e3\u91ca + \u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\u2014\u2014\u6210\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u786c\u63d0\u793a\uff08human-readable text prompts\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u6587\u672c\u5230\u6587\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<br>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\uff1f\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u68af\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\uff09<br>\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u65e2\u6027\u80fd\u5f3a\u53c8\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PEZ (Pronounced &#8220;easy&#8221;)\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u63d0\u793a\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<br>\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff1a<br>\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u68af\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u50cf\u8f6f\u63d0\u793a\u4e00\u6837\u8bad\u7ec3\uff09\uff0c<br>\u4f46\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8fde\u7eed\u5d4c\u5165\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u4e0a\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0\u79bb\u6563\u5316\uff09\uff0c<br>\u6700\u7ec8\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u6587\u672c token \u5e8f\u5217\u3002<br>\u8fd9\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u91cf\u5316\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u91cd\u6295\u5f71\u201d\uff08re-projection\uff09\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u79bb\u6563\u4f18\u5316\u4e2d\u68af\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bfc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"586\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-21.png 586w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-21-300x227.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 586px) 100vw, 586px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a\u53ef\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5d4c\u5165\u00a0P<br>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a<br>\u4ece\u8bcd\u8868\u5d4c\u5165\u77e9\u9635 E\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9 M \u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u8bcd\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb P\u3002<br>\u6700\u7ec8\u6295\u5f71\uff1a<br>\u4f18\u5316\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 P \u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u63d0\u793a P \u2217\u3002<br>\u5c06 P\u2217\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 token \u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u53ef\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u786c\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"269\" height=\"55\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4162\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u524d\u5411\u6295\u5f71\uff1a\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8fde\u7eed\u5d4c\u5165P\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u79bb\u6563\u63d0\u793a P \u2032\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6P\u2032 \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684 token \u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6587\u672c token\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8f6f\u5d4c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-23.png 468w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-23-300x26.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad &amp; \u635f\u5931\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528P\u2032 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u51bb\u7ed3\u6a21\u578b \u03b8 \u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u635f\u5931 L\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad &amp; \u68af\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\u5bf9\u6295\u5f71\u540e\u5d4c\u5165P\u2032\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u867d\u7136 P\u2032 \u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4ece P \u6295\u5f71\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u4e14\u6295\u5f71\u662f\u53ef\u5fae\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u8fd1\u90bb\u67e5\u627e\uff09\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u4f20\u5230 P<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"100\" height=\"37\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4164\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>4\u3001\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u65b0 P\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u68af\u5ea6 g \u66f4\u65b0\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5d4c\u5165 P\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f P\u2032<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"139\" height=\"48\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4165\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u590d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u76f4\u81f3\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u9010\u6e10\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u635f\u5931\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5e8f\u5217P\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-26.png 998w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-26-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-26-768x240.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"245\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-27-1024x245.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-27-1024x245.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-27-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-27-768x184.png 768w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image-27.png 1046w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<br>1.\u7ed3\u5408\u786c\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u8f6f\u63d0\u793a\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8fde\u7eed-\u79bb\u6563\u6df7\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5PEZ\u3002\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684 soft prompt\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u524d\u5411\u90fd\u7528\u79bb\u6563\u7684 hard prompt\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u3002<br>2.\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6295\u5f71\u51fd\u6570\uff08Proj_E\uff09\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8bcd\u8868\u4e2d\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\uff08\u6700\u8fd1\u90bb\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6295\u5f71\u51fd\u6570\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u793a\u8bcd\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002<br>3.\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u56de\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u68af\u5ea6\u4ece\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u00a0P\u2032P\u2032\u00a0\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u00a0PP\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u201c\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<br>4.\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u91c7\u6837\u6216\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf AutoPrompt \u9700\u8981\u679a\u4e3e\u5019\u9009 token\uff0cPEZ \u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u524d\u5411\u548c\u4e00\u6b21\u53cd\u5411\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aYuxin Wen Neel Jain John Kirchenbauer\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\uff1aUniversity  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-events"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/66"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4160"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4169,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4160\/revisions\/4169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}