{"id":3899,"date":"2025-09-15T13:50:25","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T05:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/?p=3899"},"modified":"2025-09-29T20:05:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T12:05:40","slug":"202509-%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e6%b1%87%e6%8a%a5%e7%a0%94%e8%af%bbppt-25%e7%ba%a7%e6%bd%98%e6%a0%bc%e9%9d%9e-understanding-question-answering-systems-evolution-applications-trends-and-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/202509-%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%e6%b1%87%e6%8a%a5%e7%a0%94%e8%af%bbppt-25%e7%ba%a7%e6%bd%98%e6%a0%bc%e9%9d%9e-understanding-question-answering-systems-evolution-applications-trends-and-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"202509 \u8bba\u6587\u7814\u8bfb-Understanding question-answering systems Evolution, applications, trends, and challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAmer Farea a, Frank Emmert-Streib a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1aTampere University\uff08\u5766\u4f69\u96f7\u5927\u5b66\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1aEngineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2025.9.15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0952197625009972\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>[Understanding question-answering systems: Evolution, applications, trends, and challenges]<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%B8%80.-%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%83%8C%E6%99%AF\">\u4e00. \u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>       \u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf(QA systems)\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u5f25\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e8\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u4f9b\u51c6\u786e\u4e14\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5148\u8fdb\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u7406\u89e3\u5728AI\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u4ece\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7531Amer Farea\u548cFrank Emmert-Streib\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300aEngineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence\u300b\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u7b54\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a\u63d0\u53d6\u5f0f\u95ee\u7b54(EQA)\u3001\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u95ee\u7b54(GQA)\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u95ee\u7b54(VQA)\u3002\u9996\u6b21\u5efa\u7acbQA\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u573a\u8bba\uff0c\u5c06EQA\u3001GQA\u3001VQA\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u57df\u7eb3\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63ed\u793a&#8221;\u6a21\u6001\u878d\u5408\u662fQA\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u529b&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16-1024x493.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16-1024x493.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16-1536x740.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-16.png 1607w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%BA%8C.-%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81\">\u4e8c. \u8bba\u6587\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1.-eqa-systems(%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96%E5%BC%8F%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A\">1. EQA systems(\u63d0\u53d6\u5f0f\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6216\u6570\u636e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u7b54\u6848\u7684QA\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u6bb5\u843d(T)\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u80fd\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u95ee\u9898(Q)\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u7b54\u6848\u7247\u6bb5(S)\uff1a\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373A = S\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"786\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-17-1024x786.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3914\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-17-1024x786.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-17-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-17-768x589.png 768w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-17.png 1027w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2.-gqa-systems%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A\">2. GQA systems\uff08\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528NLG\u6280\u672f\u6784\u5efa\u7b54\u6848\u7684QA\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4ece\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6e90\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u6bb5\u843d(T)\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u95ee\u9898(Q)\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u7b54\u6848(A)\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898Q\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587T\u5168\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u539f\u6587\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18-1024x701.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18-768x526.png 768w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-18.png 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3.-vqa-systems(%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%9A\">3. VQA systems(\u89c6\u89c9\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u6216\u89c6\u9891\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff1a\u89c6\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9(V)\uff1a\u56fe\u50cf\u6216\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u89c6\u89c9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u95ee\u9898(Q)\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u7b54\u6848(A)\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u6210\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"963\" height=\"819\" src=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-19.png 963w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-19-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/www.15zhi.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-19-768x653.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"%E4%B8%89.-%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%93\">\u4e09. \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u534f\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u6001\u878d\u5408\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u5927\u81f4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EQA \u2192 GQA\uff1a\u4ece&#8221;\u63d0\u53d6&#8221;\u8f6c\u5411&#8221;\u751f\u6210&#8221;\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff08\u5982BERT \u2192 GPT\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GQA \u2192 VQA\uff1a\u4ece\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u591a\u6a21\u6001\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u573a\u666f\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u5982GPT-4V\u652f\u6301\u56fe\u50cf\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u878d\u5408\u65b9\u5411\uff1aEQA+GQA\uff08\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\uff09\u3001VQA+\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u589e\u5f3a\u63a8\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u8de8\u6a21\u6001\u95ee\u7b54\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8fdb\u5316\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6574\u5408\u4e09\u5927\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6a21\u6001\u878d\u5408\u9a71\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u8dc3\u8fc1\u201d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7a81\u7834\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8303\u5f0f\u534f\u540c\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edfQA\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b64\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5efa\u7acbEQA \u2013 GQA &#8211; VQA\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>EQA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u951a\u70b9\uff08\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6027\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GQA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u7406\u5f15\u64ce\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f00\u653e\u57df\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7efc\u5408\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VQA\u4f5c\u4e3a\u611f\u77e5\u5ef6\u4f38\uff08\u8de8\u8d8a\u6587\u672c-\u89c6\u89c9\u6a21\u6001\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u8303\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982VQA\u4e2d\u878d\u5408EQA\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0eGQA\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u63d0\u53d6 &#8211; \u751f\u6210 &#8211; \u611f\u77e5&#8221;\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u878d\u5408\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8de8\u6a21\u6001\u8bed\u4e49\u5bf9\u9f50\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e \u2192 \u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u5c42 \u2192 \u6a21\u6001\u5bf9\u9f50\u5c42 \u2192 \u8054\u5408\u63a8\u7406\u5c42 \u2192 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